Jun dimerization protein 2 controls hypoxia-induced replicative senescence via both the p16Ink4a-pRb and Arf-p53 pathways.

The main regulators of replicative senescence in mice are p16Ink4a and Arf, inhibitors of cell cycle progression. Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to replicative senescence through recruitment of the Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 to the promoter of the gene that encodes p16Ink4a and inhibits the methylation of lysine 27 of the histone H3 locus. However, whether or not JDP2 is able to regulate the chromatin signaling of either p16Ink4a-pRb or Arf-p53, or both, in response to oxidative stress remains elusive. Thus, this study sought to clarify this point. We demonstrated that the introduction of JDP2 leads to upregulation of p16Ink4a and Arf and decreases cell proliferation in the presence of environmental (20% O2), but not in low (3% O2) oxygen. JDP2-mediated growth suppression was inhibited by the downregulation of both p16Ink4a and Arf. Conversely, the forced expression of p16Ink4a or Arf inhibited cell growth even in the absence of JDP2. The downregulation of both the p53 and pRb pathways, but not each individually, was sufficient to block JDP2-dependent growth inhibition. These data suggest that JDP2 induces p16Ink4a and Arf by mediating signals from oxidative stress, resulting in cell cycle arrest via both the p16Ink4a-pRb and Arf-p53 pathways.

Production of germline transgenic pigs co-expressing double fluorescent proteins by lentiviral vector.

Genomic integration of transgene by lentiviral vector has been proved an efficient method to produce single-transgenic animals. But it failed to create multi-gene transgenic offspring. Here, we have exploited lentivirus to generate the double-transgenic piglets through the female germline. The recombinant lentivirus containing fluorescent proteins genes (DsRed1 and Venus) were injected into the perivitelline space of 2-cell stage in vitro porcine embryos. Compared to control group, there was no significantly decreased in the proportion of blastocysts, and the two fluorescent protein genes were co-expressed in almost all the injected embryos. Total of 32 injected in vitro embryos were transferred to 2 recipients. One recipient gave birth of three live offspring, and one female piglet was identified as genomic transgene integration by PCR analysis. Subsequently, the female transgenic founder was mated naturally with a wild-type boar and gave birth of two litters of total 23 F(1) generation piglets, among which Venus and DsRed1 genes were detected in 11 piglets and 10 kinds of organs by PCR and RT-PCR respectively. The co-expression of two fluorescent proteins was visible in four different frozen tissue sections from the RT-PCR positive piglets, and 3 to 5 copies of the transgenes were detected to be integrated into the second generation genome by southern blotting analysis. The transgenes were heritable and stably integrated in the F(1) generation. The results indicated for the first time that lentiviral vector combined with natural mating has the potential to become a simple and practical technology to create germline double-transgenic livestock or biomedical animals.

Construction of a lentiviral T/A vector for direct analysis of PCR-amplified promoters.

The promoter plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. To analyze a promoter's activity, we developed a novel lentiviral T/A vector that contains two reporter genes, a luciferase (Luc2) gene and a green fluorescent protein (Venus) gene, that are linked via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES2). To test the performance of this vector, phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK) and elongation factor-1α (EF1α) promoters were amplified by PCR and inserted into this lentiviral T/A vector using T4 DNA ligase, yielding two promoter-reporter vectors: pLent-T-PGK and pLent-T-EF1α. When these vectors were transfected into 293T cells, we observed a higher level of Venus expression under a fluorescence microscopy in the case of pLent-T-EF1α as compared to pLent-T-PGK. The results of the luciferase reporter assay showed that the ratio of the promoter activities of EF1α and PGK was approximately 9:1. The two promoter-reporter vectors were also packaged as lentiviral particles to conduct promoter activity assay in cultured cells. The ratio of the promoter activities of EF1α and PGK was 4.23:1 when they were infected into 293T cells at a multiplicity of infection of 1. This value is comparable to that of a parallel experiment using the commercial luciferase reporter vector pGL4.10 with an activity ratio of 5.99:1 for EF1α and PGK. These results indicate that lentiviral T/A vector will be a useful tool for analysis of promoter activity and specificity.

[Association of body mass index with diabetes in the elderly in Foshan].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes in the elderly residents in Foshan. METHODS: A total of 3 382 people above 60 years old participated in this questionnaire-based survey, with their blood pressure, height, body weight, and blood glucose measured and oral glucose tolerance test performed. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of diabetes in the elderly subjects with obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 31.58%, 22.84%, 15.65% and 9.40%, respectively. The prevalence rate of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in relation to obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 67.94%, 56.14%, 46.58% and 38.35%, respectively. A higher mean BMI was accompanied by a greater prevalence of diabetes. The average BMI was 23.9+/-3.3 kg/m(2) in diabetic subjects, 23.4+/-3.4 kg/m(2) in subjects with IGT, and 22.6+/-3.2 kg/m(2) in normal elderly subjects. CONCLUSION: There is a close correlation between BMI and diabetes.